Hashing Based Software Watermarking for Source Code Files

Software is developed and delivered to clients as a routine part of software engineering life cycle . Software is quite an expensive entity. However various attacks are possible on software to make its illegal use. Different solutions are there to prevent piracy. Software watermarking embeds a watermark in the source code so that it is undetectable yet it proves the ownership of the developer. The technique has been tested for C++ source code files, however, it can be applicable on any other language. The proposed techniques scans the code for all possible constants, forms a hash sequence using MD5 algorithm that calculates the watermark and stores in Date & Watermark Value Repository (DWVR)

Birds population in different coastal areas of Sindh

Coastal areas of Karachi and Thatta districts including Sandspit, Cape Monze, Gidyani, Korangi Creek, Pitti Creek, Rohri Creek, Shah Bunder, Sando Bunder and Ketti Bunder were surveyed. The coastal areas of Thatta (Shah Bunder, Sando Bunder and Ketti Bunder) are richly populated

Chatbot in E-learning

In many modern apps, especially those that provide the user intelligence help, the usage of chatbots is quite common. In reality, these systems frequently have chatbots that can read user inquiries and give the appropriate replies quickly and accurately in order to speed up the support. This article describes the creation of a Chatbot prototype for the educational sector. A system for offering assistance to university students in certain courses has been established. The first goal was on the creation of the particular architecture, model to handle communication, and supply the learner with the correct answers. A system that can recognize questions and provide answers to students by utilizing natural language processing methods has been developed to achieve this goal. After the developed model was put into use, an experimental campaign was run to show how effective and enforceable it was

Video Summarization for Sign Languages Using the Median of Entropy of Mean Frames Method

Multimedia information requires large repositories of audio-video data. Retrieval and delivery of video content is a very time-consuming process and is a great challenge for researchers. An efficient approach for faster browsing of large video collections and more efficient content indexing and access is video summarization. Compression of data through extraction of keyframes is a solution to these challenges. A keyframe is a representative frame of the salient features of the video. The output frames must represent the original video in temporal order. The proposed research presents a method of keyframe extraction using the mean of consecutive k frames of video data. A sliding window of size k / 2 is employed to select the frame that matches the median entropy value of the sliding window. This is called the Median of Entropy of Mean Frames (MME) method. MME is mean-based keyframes selection using the median of the entropy of the sliding window. The method was tested for more than 500 videos of sign language gestures and showed satisfactory results

Geographic and Opportunistic Recovery with Depth and Power Transmission Adjustment for Energy-Efficiency and Void Hole Alleviation in UWSNs

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are promising and emerging frameworks having a wide range of applications. The underwater sensor deployment is beneficial; however, some factors limit the performance of the network, i.e., less reliability, high end-to-end delay and maximum energy dissipation. The provisioning of the aforementioned factors has become a challenging task for the research community. In UWSNs, battery consumption is inevitable and has a direct impact on the performance of the network. Most of the time energy dissipates due to the creation of void holes and imbalanced network deployment. In this work, two routing protocols are proposed to avoid the void hole and extra energy dissipation problems which, due to which lifespan of the network increases. To show the efficacy of the proposed routing schemes, they are compared with the state of the art protocols. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes outperform the counterparts

Chatbot in E-learning

In many modern apps, especially those that provide the user intelligence help, the usage of chatbots is quite common. In reality, these systems frequently have chatbots that can read user inquiries and give the appropriate replies quickly and accurately in order to speed up the support. This article describes the creation of a Chatbot prototype for the educational sector. A system for offering assistance to university students in certain courses has been established. The first goal was on the creation of the particular architecture, model to handle communication, and supply the learner with the correct answers. A system that can recognize questions and provide answers to students by utilizing natural language processing methods has been developed to achieve this goal. After the developed model was put into use, an experimental campaign was run to show how effective and enforceable it was

Towards Optimization of Metaheuristic Algorithms for IoT Enabled Smart Homes Targeting Balanced Demand and Supply of Energy

Internet of Things (IoT) enabled Smart grid (SG) is one of the most advanced technologies, which plays a key role in maintaining a balance between demand and supply by implementing demand response (DR) program. In SG, the main focus of the researchers is on home energy management (HEM) system, which is called demand side management (DSM). Appliance scheduling is an integral part of HEM system as it manages energy demand according to supply, by automatically controlling the appliances and shifting the load from peak to off peak hours. In this paper, the comparative performance of HEM controller embedded with heuristic algorithms; harmony search algorithm (HSA), enhanced differential evolution (EDE) and harmony search differential evolution (HSDE) is evaluated. The integration of renewable energy source (RES) in SG makes the performance of HEM system more efficient. The electricity consumption in peak hours usually creates peaks and increases the cost but integration of RES makes the electricity consumer able to use the appliances in the peak hours.We formulate our problem using multiple knapsack theory that the maximum capacity of the consumer of electricity must be in the range which is bearable for consumer with respect to electricity bill. Feasible regions are defined to validate the formulated problem. Finally, simulation of the proposed techniques is conducted in MATLAB to validate the performance of proposed scheduling algorithms in terms of cost, peak to average ratio and waiting time minimization

Glycerol assisted pretreatment of lignocellulose wheat straw materials as a promising approach for fabrication of sustainable fibrous filler for biocomposites

Glycerol pretreatment is a promising method for the environmentally-friendly transformation of lignocellulosic materials into sustainable cellulose-rich raw materials (i.e., biopolymer) to fabricate biocomposites. Here, a comparison of aqueous acidified glycerol (AAG) pretreatment of wheat straw (WS) with alkaline, hot water, and dilute acid pretreatments on the thermal and mechanical characteristics of their fabricated composite board is presented. A comparison of total energy expenditure during WS pretreatment with AAG and other solutions was estimated and a comparative influence of AAG processing on lignocellulosic constituents and thermal stability of WS fiber was studied. Results imply that AAG pretreatment was superior in generating cellulose- rich fiber (CRF) as compared to other pretreatments and enhanced the cellulose contents by 90% compared to raw WS fiber. Flexural strength of acidic (40.50 MPa) and hot water treated WS composite (38.71 MPa) was higher compared to the value of 33.57 MPa for untreated composite, but AAG-treated composites exhibited lower values of flexural strength (22.22 MPa) compared to untreated composite samples. Conversely, AAG pretreatment consumed about 56% lesser energy for each kg of WS processed as compared to other pretreatments. These findings recognize that glycerol pretreatment could be a clean and new pretreatment strategy to convert agricultural waste into high-quality CRF as a sustainable raw material source for engineered biocomposite panels.</p